ABSTRACT
The clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring systems based on personal computer system can not meet the requirements of portability and home usage. The epilepsy patients have to be monitored in hospital for an extended period of time, which imposes a heavy burden on hospitals. In the present study, we designed a portable 16-lead networked monitoring system based on the Android smart phone. The system uses some technologies including the active electrode, the WiFi wireless transmission, the multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) algorithm, the back-propagation (BP) neural network algorithm, etc. Moreover, the software of Android mobile application can realize the processing and analysis of EEG data, the display of EEG waveform and the alarm of epileptic seizure. The system has been tested on the mobile phones with Android 2. 3 operating system or higher version and the results showed that this software ran accurately and steadily in the detection of epileptic seizure. In conclusion, this paper provides a portable and reliable solution for epileptic seizure monitoring in clinical and home applications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Cell Phone , Electrocardiography , Electroencephalography , Entropy , Epilepsy , Diagnosis , Monitoring, Physiologic , Neural Networks, Computer , SoftwareABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) on the motor functioning and anti-oxidative capacity of mice with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Thirty-two inbred C57BL male mice were randomized into a normal control group,a model group,a sham TUS group and a TUS group (n =8 for each group) according to a random number table.A PD model was induced in the mice of the model,sham TUS and TUS groups by injecting 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) at 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally,while those in the normal control group were given saline.Low intensity (1 W) focused ultrasound (LIFU) at a frequency of 0.5 MHz was then applied to stimulate the nigra region,except for the mice in the sham TUS group,which were treated with the same procedure but with no ultrasound output.A pole climbing test was carried out before,2 weeks and 5 weeks after the injection of the MPTP.After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and the whole brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content were measured.Results No significant differences in in pole climbing scores were observed among the four groups before the MPTP injections.However,the average value decreased significantly to (4.30 ± 1.19),(4.40 ± 0.23) and (4.80 ± 0.23) for the model,sham TUS and TUS groups respectively 2 weeks after the injection.It then rose to (5.12 ±0.83) and (5.51 ± 1.21)for the first two groups 3 weeks later,but was still lower that before the injection.After 5 weeks the TUS group's average score was significantly higher than 3 weeks earlier and than that of the model group and the sham TUS group.Compared with the control group,the other groups' average scores were all lower 2 weeks after MPTP injection,and those of the model and the sham TUS groups remained so 5 weeks after the injection.Five weeks after the injection,the average MDA content of the model group (10.2 ± 1.1 nmol/ml) and the sham TUS group (9.4 ±1.3 nmol/ml) were significantly higher than the normal control group (4.5 ± 0.8 nmol/ml),as well as the TUS group (6.8 ± 0.9 nmol/ml).However,GSH-Px enzyme activity in the model group (100 ± 35.4 U/mgprot) and the sham US group (444 ± 24.9 U/mgprot) was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (1262.5 ± 53 U/mgprot),together with the TUS group (1047.3 ± 77.8 U/mgprot).Conclusion TUS can improve motor function in PD,at least in mice.This may be due to its anti-oxidative capacity.